A While many diseases that affect humans have been eradicated due to improvements in vaccinations and the availability of healthcare, there are still areas around the world where certain health issues are more prevalent. A 尽管影响人类许多病毒由于疫苗接种和卫生保健技术的提高而被清除，但世界上仍有一些地区的某些健康问题更加普遍。 In a world that is far more globalized than ever before, people come into contact with one another through travel and living closer and closer to each other. 在这个前所未有高度全球化的世界里，人们通过旅行和居住彼此间进行着紧密的沟通。 As a result, super-viruses and other infections resistant to antibiotics are becoming more and more common. 结果，超级病毒和其他传染病对抗生素产生抗药性变得越来越普遍。

B Geography can often play a very large role in the health concerns of certain populations. B 地理学在特定人群的健康问题方面起到很大作用。 For instance, depending on where you live, you will not have the same health concerns as someone who lives in a different geographical region. 比如根据你所生活的地区，你不会有其他地区生活的人群的健康问题。 Perhaps one of the most obvious examples of this idea is malaria-prone areas, which are usually tropical regions that foster a warm and damp environment in which the mosquitos that can give people this disease can grow. 或许这个观点最明显的例子之一就是疟疾流行地区，通常是形成温热且潮湿的热带区域，容易滋生给人类带来这种疾病的蚊子。 Malaria is much less of a problem in high-altitude deserts, for instance. 而比如在高纬度的沙漠地带，疟疾就是一个更小的问题。

C In some countries, geographical factors influence the health and well-being of the population in very obvious ways. C 在某些国家，地理因素在很明显的方式上影响着人类健康幸福。 In many large cities, the wind is not strong enough to clear the air of the massive amounts of smog and pollution that cause asthma, lung problems, eyesight issues and more in the people who live there. 在许多大城市，风力不够强劲以至于不能吹散引起人们哮喘、肺病、眼病以及更多疾病的大量烟尘和污染物。 Part of the problem is, of course, the massive number of cars being driven, in addition to factories that run on coal power. 除了工厂需要依赖煤能源，大量的汽车也需要燃烧煤。 The rapid industrialization of some countries in recent years has also led to the cutting down of forests to allow for the expansion of big cities, which makes it even harder to fight the pollution with the fresh air that is produced by plants. 近年来一些国家的快速工业化发展已经导致森林锐减来满足大城市的扩张需要，这就使得植物释放出来的新鲜空气更难以应对污染物。

D It is in situations like these that the field of health geography comes into its own. D 像这些健康的地理环境更能发挥所长。 It is an increasingly important area of study in a world where diseases like polio are re-emerging, respiratory diseases continue to spread, and malaria-prone areas are still fighting to find a better cure. 在一个像小儿麻痹症重现、呼吸疾病持续发展、疟疾流行区域持续寻找着良策的世界里，这项研究领域就变得越来越重要。 Health geography is the combination of, on the one hand, knowledge regarding geography and methods used to analyse and interpret geographical information, and on the other, the study of health, diseases and healthcare practices around the world. 健康的地理环境一方面是关于地理的知识和用于分析和解读地理信息的方法的结合；另一方面是关于全世界健康、疾病和医疗实践的研究结合。 The aim of this hybrid science is to create solutions for common geography-based health problems. 这种混合科学的目的就是针对基于地理因素的常见健康问题创造出解决方法。 While people will always be prone to illness, the study of how geography affects our health could lead to the eradication of certain illnesses, and the prevention of others in the future. 人们永远容易生病，但针对地理是如何影响我们健康的研究是可以彻底根除某种疾病的，也可在将来阻止其他疾病的滋生。 By understanding why and how we get sick, we can change the way we treat illness and disease specific to certain geographical locations. 通过了解我们为何生病、如何得病，对于特定地理位置，我们可以改变解决疾病困扰的方式。

E The geography of disease and ill health analyses the frequency with which certain diseases appear in different parts of the world, and overlays the data with the geography of the region, to see if there could be a correlation between the two. E 疾病的地理学分析了某种疾病在世界不同位置的出现频率并且覆盖了区域地理学的数据，就是要了解这两者之间是否有一种相关性。 Health geographers also study factors that could make certain individuals or a population more likely to be taken ill with a specific health concern or disease, as compared with the population of another area. 健康地理学者也在研究，相比其他地区的人群，可能使某些个体或人群更容易有健康隐患或疾病的因素。 Health geographers in this field are usually trained as healthcare workers, and have an understanding of basic epidemiology as it relates to the spread of diseases among the population. 在这个领域健康地理学者被训练成医务人员并且对人群中疾病传播相关的基础流行病学有一定了解。

F Researchers study the interactions between humans and their environment that could lead to illness (such as asthma in places with high levels of pollution) and work to create a clear way of categorizing illnesses, diseases and epidemics into local and global scales. F 研究人员分析了人类和可能致病（如在高污染地带会患哮喘）环境之间的相互影响，并且创造出一种明显的方法根据地区和全球范围内来分类疾病、病症、流行病。 Health geographers can map the spread of illnesses and attempt to identify the reasons behind an increase or decrease in illnesses, as they work to find a way to halt the further spread or re-emergence of diseases in vulnerable populations. 健康地理学者能描绘出疾病传播图谱并且试图确定疾病数量上升或下降背后的原因，因为他们致力于找到一种暂缓易感人群中疾病复现或深层传播的方法。

G The second subcategory of health geography is the geography of healthcare provision. G 健康地理学的第二亚种是医疗保健供应地理学。 This group studies the availability (or lack thereof) of healthcare resources to individuals and populations around the world. 这个团队研究个人和全世界人种医疗资源的获得性（或稀缺性）。 In both developed and developing nations there is often a very large discrepancy between the options available to people in different social classes, income brackets, and levels of education. 在发达国家和发展中国家里常常会有一种矛盾，这种矛盾在不同社会阶层，低收入阶层和教育程度的选择之间产生。 Individuals working in the area of the geography of healthcare provision attempt to assess the levels of healthcare in the area (for instance, it may be very difficult for people to get medical attention because there is a mountain between their village and the nearest hospital). 工作在医疗保健供应站的人们试图评估这个区域的卫生保健程度（例如：由于乡村和最近的医院之间有一座山，人们很难得到医护人员的协助）。 These researchers are on the frontline of making recommendations regarding policy to international organisations, local government bodies and others. 关于国际组织、地方政府和其他组织的相关政策，这些研究人员一直处于提出建议的前线。

H The field of health geography is often overlooked, but it constitutes a huge area of need in the fields of geography and healthcare. H 健康地理学这个领域常常被忽略，但是在地理学和医疗保健领域它构成了更大的需求领域。 If we can understand how geography affects our health no matter where in the world we are located, we can better treat disease, prevent illness, and keep people safe and well. 如果我们不论身处何地都能够理解地理学是如何影响我们健康的，我们就能够更好的治疗疾病、预防疾病并且让人们保持安全和健康。